Unlocking the Gut Microbiome’s Role in Cancer Prevention and Therapy
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), roughly 30–50% of cancer cases are preventable, urging a deeper conversation about the disease, particularly focusing on mitigating cancer risks. While common factors like tobacco use and dietary habits are acknowledged, the significance of gut health, particularly the gut microbiota, is often underestimated. Emerging research underscores the pivotal role of the gut microbiome in both cancer therapy and prevention.
Dr. Debojyoti Dhar, Co-Founder and Director at Leucine Rich Bio, emphasised in an interview with HT Lifestyle that the gut microbiota, a vast ecosystem of microbes, plays a crucial role in digestion, metabolism, and immune regulation. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in the gut microbiome, has been associated with various diseases, including cancer. Understanding the intricate interactions within the gut microbiome offers valuable insights into cancer biology and therapeutic strategies.
Research indicates that approximately 20% of the global cancer burden is attributable to pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Dr. Dhar suggested that restoring gut health through dietary interventions, probiotics, or faecal microbiota transplantation could potentially reduce cancer risk and prevent tumorigenesis. Dietary choices significantly influence the composition of the gut microbiome, with fibre-rich fruits, vegetables, and fermented foods promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria.
Moreover, certain gut bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, have demonstrated the ability to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatments like immunotherapy and chemotherapy. These microbes can modulate the immune system and metabolise drugs, potentially improving treatment outcomes and reducing side effects.
Gut microbiome profiling offers a convenient method to gain insight into one’s microbial composition, akin to DNA profiling. Dr. Dhar highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration, robust clinical studies, and stringent regulation to ensure the safety, efficacy, and ethical implementation of microbiome-based therapies.
As National Cancer Prevention Month is observed in February, understanding the profound impact of gut health on cancer risk and progression is crucial. From dietary modifications to innovative treatments like fecal microbiota transplantation, exploring the potential of the gut microbiome in cancer care presents promising avenues for preventive measures and therapeutic interventions. However, challenges such as deciphering complex interactions and ensuring equitable access to interventions remain critical considerations in advancing this field.
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